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Distressed Assets & Bankruptcy

Non-Performing Loan (NPL) Note Buying

Buy defaulted mortgage notes from banks/hedge funds at 30–60% of UPB — foreclose, modify, or DIL for equity.

Overview

Banks and hedge funds sell portfolios of non-performing mortgages (NPLs) at auction (Debexpert, LoanMLS, private tape sales) for 30–60% of unpaid principal balance. Buyer's exit options: (1) modify + reperform (sell as RPL for 70–85% UPB, 40–100% IRR), (2) deed-in-lieu → own property, (3) foreclose → own property. Best on residential first liens $50K–$500K UPB in judicial states with equity behind the loan. Requires special servicer (FCI, BSI) to legally collect. Regulated by state licensing (NMLS, CFPB).

Best fit
Sophisticated RE investorsDistressed debt specialistsSelf-directed IRA note buyers
Estimated impact
40–100% IRR on modified notes / 30–70% discount to property acquisition

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