Public sector + qualifying nonprofit employees stack a 457(b) alongside their 403(b)/401(k) — 2× annual deferral space.
State/local government employees and select 501(c) nonprofits can contribute to a 457(b) plan IN ADDITION TO a 403(b)/401(k), each up to $23K/yr (2024). Total: $46K/yr in pre-tax deferrals. 457(b) also has (1) no 10% early withdrawal penalty (unique advantage), (2) 'final 3 years' catch-up up to $46K if under-contributed prior years, (3) age 50 catch-up $7.5K on top. Governmental 457(b) is protected by trust (safe from creditors); nonprofit 457(b) is not (top-hat plan).
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Contribute up to $46K/yr additional (beyond $23K deferral) to after-tax 401(k), convert to Roth same-day.
Defer unlimited comp to retirement / future years — bypass 401(k) $23K cap on high-income executives.
Exercise ISOs early (bargain element = AMT) — pay AMT credit, get long-term cap gains + recover AMT in future.
Elect §83(b) within 30 days of restricted stock grant — pay tax on ~$0 value, all future growth is capital gains.
Contribute max to §423 ESPP with 15% discount + 6-month lookback = ~26% annualized risk-free arb.
10b5-1 trading plan lets executives sell during blackouts; costless collar protects downside with no cash outlay.
Take unpaid sabbatical year — convert Traditional IRA to Roth at 12/22% bracket vs 32/35% working years.
HSA is the ONLY triple-tax-advantaged account: deductible in, tax-free growth, tax-free out for medical.